Spoilers - Ground spoilers, Flight Spoilers, In-flight Brake, Roll spoilers
Spoilers
In aeronautics, a spoiler (sometimes called a liftspoiler or lift dumper) is a device intended to intentionally reduce the lift component of an airfoil
in a controlled way. Most often, spoilers are plates on the top surface of a wing that can be extended upward into the airflow to spoil it.
in a controlled way. Most often, spoilers are plates on the top surface of a wing that can be extended upward into the airflow to spoil it.
Spoilers offer another advantage as well - this time at high speeds. When you have high speed airflow over your wings, your ailerons can generate so much force that they twist your wings - causing the airplane to bank in the opposite direction. Spoilers allow you to roll the aircraft without creating the twisting force.
You get a third added benefit, as well. When you use ailerons to roll an aircraft, the rising wing generates extra lift, which also creates extra drag. This adverse drag pulls the nose away from the turn, causing "adverse yaw." You use rudder into the turn to remain coordinated.
But, when you use spoilers to roll, they generate form drag on the lowering wing. This helps keep your nose in line with the turn and the aircraft coordinated - which means you don't need to use much rudder. Spoilers do have a clear disadvantage - you only roll by dropping a wing. If you're close to the ground, dropping a wing to bank may not be a safe option.
That's why most fly-by-wire aircraft with spoilers also have ailerons at the wingtips. The spoilers alone are used for high speed flight, and the ailerons move with the spoilers during low-speed flight.
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